A missão DART, ou Teste de Redirecionamento de Asteroide Duplo, foi projetada para testar um método de desvio de um asteroide com o propósito de defesa planetária, usando a técnica do “impactador cinético”.
Programada para decolar no dia 24 de Novembro a bordo de um foguete Falcon 9, da SpaceX, às 3:21h (horário de Brasília), direto da Base da Força Espacial de Vandenberg, na Califórnia.
O alvo dessa missão é um asteroide binário próximo à Terra conhecido como Didymos e seu companheiro Dimorphos. Esse sistema binário está sendo intensamente observado usando telescópios na Terra para medir com precisão suas propriedades antes que a espaçonave DART chegue.
Embora nenhum asteroide conhecido com mais de 140 metros de tamanho tenha uma chance significativa de atingir a Terra nos próximos 100 anos, apenas cerca de 40% desses asteroides foram encontrados em outubro de 2021.
A espaçonave DART impactará Dimorphos a uma velocidades de 6,6 quilômetros por segundo. São incríveis 23.760 quilômetros por hora! O impacto deve fazer com que a velocidade orbital de Dimorphos mude em uma fração de 1%. Esta ligeira mudança deve ser suficiente para alterar seu período orbital em vários minutos.
LICIACube
O pequeno satélite italiano LICIACube vai pegar uma carona na espaçonave DART para então se separar 10 dias antes do impacto com o asteroide. Uma vez livre, ele ajustará seu próprio caminho, de forma que voe além de Dimorphos apenas três minutos após a falha de DART. Com duas câmeras a bordo, o LICIACube rastreará de forma autônoma a espaçonave maior e permitirá que a Terra veja o impacto de DART e suas consequências.
Como os cientistas saberão se DART realmente fez seu trabalho?
Tudo, desde o asteroide em questão até o ângulo e velocidade do impacto, devem ser meticulosamente planejados para se obter o que os líderes da missão desejam. Ir rápido demais pode destruir inadvertidamente o asteroide.
Além do LICIACube, que estará lá, observando o impacto forçado de DART e transmitindo os resultados de volta para a Terra. Mais do que apenas o momento da colisão, o LICIACube observará a cratera e a nuvem de poeira que o impacto deixa para trás.
avaliarão se foi bem sucedido. (Crédito da imagem: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL)
Os astrônomos também estarão observando da Terra. Quando a espaçonave DART atingir o asteroide, a cerca de 11 milhões de quilômetros de distância de nós, perto o suficiente para que os telescópios possam ver cada circuito que Dimorphos faz em torno de Didymos. Da Terra, os cientistas serão capazes de observar qualquer mudança nessa órbita após o impacto e julgar o quão bem sucedida foi a missão.
Fontes: nasa.gov/spaceflightnow.com/space.com
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