O primeiro robô lunar da NASA já tem lugar certo para pousar. O VIPER pousará a oeste da cratera Nobile, que fica perto do polo sul da lua. No final de 2023 ele voará para a lua a bordo do Griffin, um módulo de pouso construído pela empresa Astrobotic, e será lançado no topo de um foguete Falcon Heavy da SpaceX.
Haviam outras opções de locais para o pouso do rover lunar VIPER, sendo eles: uma área fora da cratera Haworth; um cume saindo da cratera Shackleton; e um local perto da cratera Shoemaker. Apesar dessas opções parecerem adequadas o que determinou a escolha da cratera Nobile foi a quantidade de dias úteis para cumprir a missão. Nela o rover VIPER terá luz solar suficiente para operar e também se comunicar com a Terra. (Essa comunicação será direta do VIPER para seus manipuladores; o rover não usará um satélite de retransmissão.) Ele fará este trabalho ao longo de pelo menos 100 dias terrestres usando três espectrômetros e uma broca, que irá obter amostras de até 1 metro de profundidade.
A região apresenta áreas permanentemente cobertas de sombra, bem como áreas que são banhadas pelo sol na maior parte do tempo.
O terreno na região de Nobile é mais adequado para o rover VIPER navegar, se comunicar e caracterizar o potencial de água e outros recursos.
Créditos: NASA
O custo total da missão do VIPER é estimado em aproximadamente 660 milhões de dólares – $433,5 milhões para o desenvolvimento da missão e operações mais cerca de $226,5 milhões para o contrato de entrega com a Astrobotic, que inclui o custo de lançamento.
Parte importante do programa Artemis da NASA
O programa Artemis visa estabelecer uma presença humana sustentável e de longo prazo na Lua. Alcançar essa meta exigirá o uso extensivo de recursos lunares, especialmente água.
As observações do Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter da NASA e outras espaçonaves sugerem que a lua abriga muito gelo de água, especialmente em regiões permanentemente sombreadas (PSRs) perto de seus polos
O rover VIPER é uma espécie de farejador de água e materiais voláteis (designação dada em ciência planetária e em geoquímica ao conjunto dos elementos químicos e compostos químicos com baixo ponto de ebulição que estão presentes na estrutura geológica ou atmosfera de um planeta ou lua). Espera se que o rover nos diga quanto gelo existe realmente e quão acessível ele é para a humanidade, além de nos ajudar a entender a origem, evolução e história cósmica de nossa lua.
Fontes: nasa.gov/astrobotic.com/Space.com
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