Diretamente da Nuvem de Oort, um pequeno ponto em movimento em imagens antigas datadas de 2014 a 2018 do arquivo da Dark Energy Camera no Observatório Interamericano de Cerro Tololo, no Chile deixava os pesquisadores intrigados.
Na quarta feira, 23 de Junho de 2021 o objeto em questão foi designado como um cometa, mas não um cometa qualquer, trata se de um MEGA COMETA! O cometa é agora conhecido como Cometa C / 2014 UN271, ou Bernardinelli-Bernstein em homenagem a seus descobridores, o estudante Pedro Bernardinelli da Universidade da Pensilvânia e o astrônomo Gary Bernstein.
Qual o tamanho do mega cometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein ?
Um cometa geralmente tem um tamanho da ordem de dez quilômetros. Mas, no caso do mega cometa, as medições de seu brilho em 2014 sugerem que seu tamanho seria da ordem de 100 quilômetros de diâmetro, talvez até mais de 300 quilômetros. É considerado o maior cometa já descoberto, possivelmente tão grande quanto um planeta anão!
Uma longa jornada
O mega cometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein leva aproximadamente 5,5 milhões de anos para completar sua órbita, que é vertical em relação ao plano dos planetas, calcularam os pesquisadores do Minor Planet Center. Em seu ponto mais distante, está a aproximadamente um ano-luz do sol. Com base em sua órbita, o mega cometa é provavelmente um emissário de uma região distante e gelada além das bordas externas do sistema solar conhecida como Nuvem de Oort. Objetos como o cometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein provavelmente já fizeram parte do sistema solar, mas foram expulsos por interações gravitacionais com grandes planetas como Saturno e Netuno.
Embora a história do mega cometa não seja certa, esta jornada recém-descoberta pode ser sua primeira incursão de volta ao sistema solar desde seu banimento inicial. Isso é empolgante, porque os cometas de curta periodicidade que circulam dentro do sistema solar são significativamente alterados de sua forma original, queimados e diminuídos por muitas rotações ao redor do sol. Cometas de longa periodicidade como Bernardinelli-Bernstein, que ficam nas partes externas do sistema solar, não mudam tanto, o que significa que são uma cápsula do tempo das condições em sua formação nos primeiros dias do sistema solar.
Quando poderemos ver o mega cometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein?
O mega cometa fará sua maior aproximação em 2031, quando navegará fora da órbita de Saturno. A órbita de Saturno está cerca de nove vezes e meia mais distante do Sol do que a órbita da Terra.
Portanto, temos aqui uma notícia boa e outra ruim – A notícia boa é: o mega cometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein não representa um perigo para nós!
E como talvez vocês já devam imaginar, a notícia ruim é que o mega cometa não será visível a olho nu. Ele só alcançará magnitude +17 quando visto da Terra, o que está bem fora do alcance de telescópios domésticos. No entanto, enormes telescópios provavelmente conseguirão ótimas fotos!
Créditos: NASA/JPL, EarthSky, livescience.com, Forbes.com
*A imagem destacada utilizada nesta publicação é meramente ilustrativa e possui créditos da NASA/SOFIA/Lynette Cook
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Achei muito interessante. Mas ainda espero quandi o próximo cometa, mega ou não, será visível a olho nu. Nos últimos anos, alguns cometas se tornaram visíveis, mas muito próximos do Sol.
Muito bacana a matéria, parabéns pelo empenho e dedicação, uma matéria muito bem escrita e explicada, pena que não poderemos observar daqui da Terra, mas é uma boa leitura.